Total Quality Management

71. R charts are used for controlling ______________ of a process.

  1. Central Tendency
  2. Dispersion
  3. None of the above
  4. Both a and b
Correct answer: (B)
Dispersion

72. If the Average outgoing Quality is plotted against the Incoming Fraction Defective, the Average Outgoing Quality Limit is the ______________ point.

  1. Highest
  2. Lowest
  3. Middle
  4. Cannot be determined
Correct answer: (A)
Highest

73. For the above table, what is the value corresponding to the central line for the x bar chart?

  1. 10.08
  2. 10.05
  3. 9.89
  4. 9.78
Correct answer: (A)
10.08

74. The x bar chart monitors:

  1. Between sample variability
  2. Within sample variability
  3. Instantaneous variability
  4. Natural variability
Correct answer: (A)
Between sample variability

75. In case someone is interested in process standard deviation, he should construct the ______________ chart.

  1. X bar
  2. R chart
  3. S chart
  4. None of the above
Correct answer: (C)
S chart

76. If data for MR chat shows non-normality, it is better to determine the control limits for the individuals control chart based on the ______________ of the correct underlying distribution.

  1. Percentage
  2. Percentiles
  3. Rank
  4. Mean
Correct answer: (B)
Percentiles

77. A sample of size 10 contains 50 non-conformities. The average number of non-conformities is:

  1. 7
  2. 4
  3. 5 (50/10 i.e. total non-conformities/sample size)
  4. 1
Correct answer: (C)
5 (50/10 i.e. total non-conformities/sample size)

78. When the number of defects is low, which of the following is true:

  1. We should use c or u chart
  2. Most samples will have non-zero defects
  3. Create a time between occurrence control chart
  4. None of the above
Correct answer: (C)
Create a time between occurrence control chart

79. Bias reflects the:

  1. The differences in observed accuracy and/or precision experienced over the range of measurements made by the system.
  2. The difference between observed measurements and a "true" value obtained from a master or gold standard
  3. Different levels of variability in different operating regimes, resulting from warm-up effects, environmental factors, inconsistent operator performance
  4. None of the above
Correct answer: (B)
The difference between observed measurements and a "true" value obtained from a master or gold standard

80. If variability of a product decreases, its quality ______________

  1. remains unchanged
  2. decreases
  3. increases
  4. may increase or decrease
Correct answer: (C)
increases
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